William James Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, KP, PC (Ire) (31 May 1847 – 6 June 1924) was a leading Irish shipbuilder and businessman. He was chairman of Harland and Wolff, shipbuilders, between 1895 and 1924, and also served as Lord Mayor of Belfast between 1896 and 1898. He was ennobled as Baron Pirrie in 1906, appointed a Knight of the Order of St Patrick in 1908 and made Viscount Pirrie in 1921.
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Pirrie was born in Quebec, Canada, the son of James Alexander Pirrie and Eliza (née Montgomery), who were both Irish.[1] He was taken back to Ireland when he was two years old and spent his childhood at Conlig, County Down. Belonging to a prominent family, his nephews included Prime Minister John Miller Andrews, Thomas Andrews, builder of the Titanic and Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet, the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.[1]
Pirrie was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution before entering Harland and Wolff shipyard as a gentleman apprentice in 1862. Twelve years later he was made a partner in the firm, and on the death of Sir Edward Harland in 1895 he became its chairman, a position he was to hold until his death. As well as overseeing the world's largest shipyard, Pirrie was elected Lord Mayor of Belfast in 1896, and was re-elected to the office as well as made an Irish Privy Counsellor the following year. He became Belfast's first honorary freeman in 1898, and served in the same year as High Sheriff of Antrim[2] and subsequently of County Down. He helped finance the Liberals in Ulster in the 1906 general election, and that same year, at the height of Harland and Wolff's success, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Pirrie, of the City of Belfast.[3] The following year he was appointed Comptroller of the Household to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1908 he appointed Knight of St Patrick (KP).
Lord Pirrie was jeered in the streets after chairing a famous meeting of the Ulster Liberal Association addressed by Winston Churchill. That same year he was to travel aboard the Titanic, but illness prevented him from joining the ill-fated passage. Pro-Chancellor of the Queen's University, Belfast from 1908 to 1914, Lord Pirrie was also in the years before the First World War a member of the Committee on Irish Finance as well as Lieutenant for the City of Belfast (both 1911). During the war he was a member of the War Office Supply Board, and in 1918 became Comptroller-General of Merchant Shipbuilding, organising British production of merchant ships.
In 1921 Pirrie was elected to the Northern Ireland Senate, and that same year was created Viscount Pirrie, of the City of Belfast, in the honours for the opening of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in July 1921, for his war work and charity work.[4][5]
Lord Pirrie married Margaret, daughter of John Carlisle, in 1879. He died in June 1924, aged 77, of pneumonia at sea off Cuba whilst on a business trip to South America.[1] His body was brought back on White Star Line's RMS Olympic and was buried in Belfast City Cemetery. The barony and viscountcy died with him. Lady Pirrie died in June 1935.[1] In 1909, Lord Pirrie bought Witley Park, formerly the residence of Whitaker Wright.[6] In the 1900s, he built the Temple of the Four Winds near the Devil's Punchbowl, Hindhead. The octagonal plinth still remains.[7] A memorial to Pirrie was unveiled in the grounds of Belfast City Hall in 2006.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William McCammond |
Lord Mayor of Belfast 1896–1898 |
Succeeded by James Henderson |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by The Earl of Shaftesbury |
Lord Lieutenant of Belfast 1911–1924 |
Succeeded by Sir Thomas Dixon, Bt |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| New creation | Viscount Pirrie 1921–1924 |
Extinct |
| Baron Pirrie 1906–1924 |
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